Disaster communications

One thing that I have yet to work out is modes of communication during a real disaster, when phones, cell phone and the Internet may be down. I have heard that HAM/shortwave radio is the way to go, but I'm not sure if this is really an adequate or reliable replacement.. Of course there are also the little pocket wallis-talkies for very short distance use. If anyone on this site has any info or experience on this subject, could you please post the info or any links? Such information should be good for a hat tip or two! Thanks in advance.